Условные предложения смешанного типа (грамматический комментарий, упражнения)

Автор: Лебедева Галина Николаевна

МАОУ «Гимназия № 87», г. Саратов

 

1 тип — условие относится к прошлому (Type 3), а следствие – к настоящему/будущему (Type 2). 

Условие	Результат
If + had +V3 / had been + Vingo	would + V
Past	Present
If he had won a lot of money yesterday,	he would buy this yacht.
Если бы вчера он выиграл много денег, он бы купил эту яхту. (но он не выиграл в прошлом и не купил яхту сейчас)
If my mother had taken English in the university,	she would have more offers on her job.
Если бы моя мама учила английский в университете, то у нее было бы больше предложений по работе. (но она не учила английский, и теперь ей поступает мало предложений по работе)
If my relatives had been born in Italy,	I wouldn’t need to get a visa to study there.
Если бы мои родственники родились в Италии, мне не нужно было бы получать визу, чтобы учиться там. (но мои родственники не из Италии, поэтому мне нужно получить визу для учебы сейчас)
If Jim had taken his painkillers two days ago,	he would be fine now
Если бы Джим выпил обезболивающие два дня назад, он бы был здоров сейчас.

Past	Future
If + had +V3	would be + Ving
If our teacher had given us homework yesterday,	I would be doing it tomorrow.
Если бы наша учительница дала нам домашнее задание вчера, я бы делала его завтра. (но она не задала домашнее задание, и я не собираюсь его делать завтра)
If Joe had got that job offer,	he would be packing his suitcase to London.
Если бы Джо получил, то предложение на работу, то он бы паковал свой чемодан в Лондон. (но он не получил предложение на работу и не пакует свои вещи)

 

2 тип — условие не относится к конкретному времени (Type 2), а следствие относится к прошлому (Type 3).

Условие	Результат
If + V2 / was, were + Ving	would + have + V3
If she were more concentrated,	she would not have made so many mistakes in that test.
Если бы она была более сосредоточенной, она не сделала бы столько ошибок в тесте. (но она рассеянная и наделала ошибок в тесте в прошлом)
Still John had taken the trouble to buy medicine for me	He would not have done that if he didn’t like me at all
Условие может относиться и к будущему
If Mr. Smith weren’t going on his holiday next month,	he would have participated in the conference.
Если бы мистер Смит не уезжал на отдых в следующем месяце, он бы принял участие в конференции

 

3 тип - соотношение второго и первого типа условных предложений 

Условие	Результат
If + V2 / was, were + Ving	will + V
If she got back late last night,	she won’t come to school today.
Если она пришла поздно вчера, она не придет в школу сегодня.

 

Тип	Придаточное предложение (условие)	Главное предложение (результат)
Type  3 +2	If + had +V3 // had been + Ving	would/could/might + V
Type  2 +3	If + V2 // was, were+ Ving	would/could/might + have + V3
Type  2 +1	If + V2 // was, were+ Ving	will + V

Complete the mixed conditional sentences

Exercise 1. Use the verb in brackets to complete the mixed conditionals

1.    They We would _______(have) enough time now if we hadn't wanted to see India.

2.    In case my father ____(buy) a car, he will teach me to drive.

3.    Ann ______(be) angry now if he had told her about it.

4.    If the company ____ (support) this product, it would get a discount now.

5.    Even if Jane ____(ask) Pete yesterday, he wouldn't come.

6.    It will be a catastrophe unless Joy ____(help) us.

7.    If you I _____ (have) something to eat in the morning, I wouldn't feel hungry now.

8.    I wouldn't have risked it if I ____ (be) you.

9.    The meat isn't very good. It would taste better if I ____ (put) some spices on it.

10.  Jane ________ (go) to the singing lessons if she could sing.

11.  If the hotel in Sochi had been full, they _____ (stay) somewhere else.

12.  If I ____ (get) the job, I would be grateful to you forever.

13. Unless I fail the test I ____(get) my driving license next week.

Exercise 2. Complete the negative forms of the mixed conditionals.

1. How would you explain the meaning of this word if you _____ (not know)?

2. We would be happier now if you ____(not refuse) the dinner when we called you.

3. If I were you, I _______ (not go) there next Monday.

4. If my husband ____ (not mend) the bike, who will do it?

5. If he_______ (not be) in a hurry when he got up, he wouldn't catch the bus.

6. Sue _______ (not start) it on time if she does not start right now.

7. Had Mike driven slowly, he ____ (not be) in the hospital now.

8. She would be a bit overweight if she ______ (not begin) to exercise a few months ago.

9. Had my friend not let me know, I _____ (not collect) him at the railway station tomorrow morning.

Test “Conditionals. All Types”

1. If the temperature falls below 0 °C, water ... into ice.

a)    turned

b)    turns

c)    will turn

d)    turn

2. If he ... the fine, he will go to prison.

a)    hadn’t paid

b)    won’t pay

c)    doesn’t pay

d)    wouldn’t pay

3. If I ... time, I’d take up sport.

a)    have

b)    had had

c)    had

d)    am having

4. If she had studied harder, she … the test.

a)  would have passed

b)  would pass

c)  would pass

d)  passed

5. If you need help, ... to me.

a)  will come

b)  would come

c)  comes

d)  come

6. If I hadn’t been rude to her, she ... upset now.

a)  would not have been

b)  wouldn’t be

c)  will not be

d)  isn’t

7. If you ... your work, we can have a rest.

a)    will finish

b)    finished

c)    had finished

d)    have finished

8. If you add sugar to a cup of tea, it ... sweeter.

a)    taste

b)    tasted

c)    tastes

d)    will taste

9. If he hadn’t been acting so foolishly, he ... punished.

a)    would be

b)    wouldn’t have been

c)    would have not been

d)    would be not

10. If you ... ever in our town, you should come and visit us.

a)    will be

b)    were

c)    are

d)    be

11. If he had found a job, he ... for money now.

a)    won’t ask

b)    would not have asked

c)    had not been asking

d)    wouldn't ask

12. If I ... a lottery, I ... a yacht.

a)    win / would buy

b)    has won / would buy

c)    win / would have bought

d)    won / would buy

13. If the weather ... tomorrow, we’ll go for a walk.

a)    will be fine

b)    is fine

c)    was fine

d)    fine

14. If I ... earlier, I wouldn’t be late now.

a)    got up

b)    had got up

c)    were got up

d)    did get up

15. If I ... in a bigger house, I would invite a lot of friends to my party.

a)    lived

b)    had lived

c)    live

d)    had been living

ОТВЕТЫ:

Exercise 1. Use the verb in brackets to complete the mixed conditionals.

1. would have 

2. buy 

3. would be 

4. had supported 

5. had asked 

6. helps 

7. had had

8. were

9. would taste 

10. wouldn't have gone 

11.would have stayed 

12. would be 

13. fails 

Exercise 2. Complete the negative forms of the mixed conditionals.

1. did not know

2. had not refused 

3. would not go 

4. does not mend 

5. had not been 

6. does not start 

7. would not be 

8. had not begun 

9. would not collect 

Test “Conditionals. All Types”

1. If the temperature falls below 0 °C, water ... into ice.

b) turns

2. If he ... the fine, he will go to prison.

c) doesn’t pay

3. If I ... time, I’d take up sport.

c) had

4. If she had studied harder, she … the test.

a) would have passed

5. If you need help, ... to me.

d) come

6. If I hadn’t been rude to her, she ... upset now.

b) wouldn’t be

7. If you ... your work, we can have a rest.

d) have finished

8. If you add sugar to a cup of tea, it ... sweeter.

c) tastes

9. If he hadn’t been acting so foolishly, he ... punished.

b) wouldn’t have been

10. If you ... ever in our town, you should come and visit us.

c) are

11. If he had found a job, he ... for money now.      

           d) wouldn’t ask

12. If I ... a lottery, I ... a yacht.

d) won/ would buy

13. If the weather ... tomorrow, we’ll go for a walk.

b) is fine

14. If I ... earlier, I wouldn’t be late now.

b) had got up

15. If I ... in a bigger house, I would invite a lot of friends to my party.

a) lived